Auction basics · August 5, 2026 · 5 min read
Auction Estimates, Reserves, and Buyer’s Premiums Explained
Three numbers shape many auctions, but they mean different things—and none necessarily represents the final all-in cost.The estimate
The low and high estimate express the auction house’s view of a likely range based on available information and market context. It is not a guarantee, formal appraisal for every purpose, or cap on bidding.
Different houses may use different currencies and may display estimates with or without taxes and premiums.
The reserve
A reserve is the confidential minimum agreed between the seller and auctioneer. If bidding does not reach it, the lot may remain unsold. The opening bid is not necessarily the reserve.
Auction terms should explain how the auctioneer may bid on behalf of the seller up to the reserve where permitted.
The premium and total price
The buyer’s premium is added to the hammer price. Taxes, royalties, platform charges, currency fees, shipping, and insurance may increase the total further.
Before bidding, use the auction house’s own fee schedule and ask for clarification if the all-in cost is uncertain.